Glossary
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Acute Care –
Short-term medical treatment, usually in a hospital, for patients having
an acute illness or injury. Longer than 24 consecutive hours.
Adult Services –
Services geared toward the adult population. In Nebraska, individuals
are considered an adult at 19 years of age and older.
Advanced Directives –
Advanced directives are documents written while a person is competent,
specifying how decisions about treatment should be made if the person
becomes incompetent.
Advocacy –
Active support of a cause or course of action.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) –
Alcoholics Anonymous is a group of men and women who share their
experience, strength, and hope with each other that they may solve their
common problem of recovering from alcoholism and help others to achieve
sobriety. The only requirement for AA membership is a desire to stop
drinking. There are no dues or fees required to participate in AA.
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) –
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is a team-based approach to the
provision of treatment, rehabilitation, and support services. ACT models
of treatment are built around a self-contained multidisciplinary team
that serves as the fixed point of responsibility for all patient care
for a fixed group of patients. In this approach the treatment team
typically provides all patient services using a highly integrated
approach to care.
Assessment –
A professional review of individual and family needs that is done when
services are first sought from an individual or caregiver. The
assessment of a child includes a review of physical and mental health,
intelligence, school performance, family situation, and behavior in the
community. The assessment identifies the strengths of the child and
family. Together, the caregiver and family decide what kind of treatment
and supports, if any, are needed.
Autism –
Autism is the most common condition in a group of developmental
disorders known as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is
characterized by impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and
nonverbal communication, and unusual, repetitive, or severely limited
activities and interests. Other ASD’s include Asperger syndrome, Rett
Syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental
disorder not otherwise specified (usually referred to as PDD-NOS).
Experts estimate that three to six children out of every 1,000 will have
autism. Males are four times more likely to have autism than females.
Axis I Diagnosis –
With the DSM-IV manual there is a 5 Axis system of diagnosis that is
used. Axis I diagnosis refers to clinical disorders. (See DSM-IV)
Axis II Diagnosis –
With the DSM-IV Manual there is a 5 Axis system of diagnosis that is
used. Axis II diagnosis refers to personality disorders and mental
retardation. (See DSM-IV)
Behavioral Health –
Behavioral health is an encompassing term including assessment and
treatment of mental and/or psychoactive substance abuse disorders.
Borderline Personality Disorder –
The symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder can be summarized as
instability in mood, thinking, behavior, personal relations, and
self-image. Borderline Personality Disorder can affect anyone, but it is
often diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. Women seem to develop
it more often than men.
CAPS –
The child and adolescent psychiatric services unit on BryanLGH West
Campus in Lincoln, Nebraska.
Case Management –
Case management is a range of services provided to assist and support
individuals in developing their skills to gain access to needed medical,
behavioral health, housing, employment, social, educational, and other
services essential to meeting basic human needs; linkages and training
for individuals served in the use of basic community resources; and
monitoring of overall service delivery. This service is generally
provided by staff whose primary function is case management.
Coercion Free Nebraska (CFN) –
Coercion Free Nebraska (CFN) is a statewide initiative geared towards
reducing the use of restraint and seclusion in health systems and
facilities. For more information please visit
www.cfnebraska.org.
Cognitive Therapy –
A relatively short-term form of psychotherapy based on the concept that
the way we think about things affects how we feel emotionally. Cognitive
therapy focuses on present thinking, behavior, and communication rather
than on past experiences and is oriented toward problem solving.
Consumer –
Consumer is the term most frequently applied to a person who receives
mental health services. The term is sometimes used more generically to
refer to anyone who has a diagnosis of mental illness. Not all persons
with mental illness accept this terminology, however.
Consumer Inclusion and Recovery Coalition (CIRC) –
A coalition of consumers, family members, and consumer advocates focused
on inclusion and recovery in every aspect of the state mental health
system.
Continuum of Care –
A term that implies a progression of services that an individual moves
through, usually one service at a time. More recently, it has come to
mean comprehensive services.
Co-occurring/Co-morbidity –
Two different diagnoses given to the same person, also referred to as
dual diagnosis. Co-occurring may specifically refer to the existence of
a mental illness and a substance abuse disorder or a mental and a
physical illness in the same person at the same time.
Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) –
Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) is a police program developed in Memphis,
Tennessee. A CIT is comprised of designated officers who are called upon
to respond to mental disturbance calls and crises, such as attempted
suicides. These officers participate in 40 hours of specialized training
under the instructional supervision of law enforcement professionals,
mental health providers, family advocates, and mental health consumer
groups. Officers trained under this program are skilled in de-escalating
potentially volatile situations, gathering relevant history, and
assessing medication information and the individual's social support
system. The CIT is recognized as a national program and has been
replicated in Nebraska in the Region VI area.
Crisis Residential Treatment Services –
Short-term, round-the-clock help provided in a nonhospital setting
during a crisis. The purposes of this care are to avoid inpatient
hospitalization, help the individual stabilize, and determine the next
appropriate step.
Crisis Response Team –
A team usually consisting of law enforcement, mental health
professionals, and consumers, designed to assist individuals in crisis
and divert them from being involuntarily committed.
Crisis Stabilization Unit –
Crisis Stabilization Units (CSUs) provide brief psychiatric intervention
for individuals with acute psychiatric conditions.
Day Facilities –
A day treatment facility provides evaluation, diagnosis, and ambulatory
treatment services for individuals who are experiencing mental,
emotional or behavioral problems, disturbances, dysfunctions or
disorders.
Day Reporting –
Day reporting centers require offenders who are on pretrial release,
probation, or parole to appear at a specific location on a frequent and
regular basis. Unlike community corrections centers, the day reporting
centers are non-residential and offenders are required to report to the
centers but return to their homes to sleep at night. There is extreme
diversity in day reporting centers operating across the country in terms
of type of offenders, types of services, number of clients served at a
center, and length of time to be spent at the center. Typically while at
the center, offenders are required to participate in services
(treatment, employment search, etc.) or activities (urine test, meetings
with parole agent, etc.) provided by the center or other community
agencies.
Day Treatment –
Day treatment includes special education, counseling, parent training,
vocational training, skill building, crisis intervention, and
recreational therapy. It lasts at least four hours a day. Day treatment
programs work in conjunction with mental health, recreation, and
education organizations and may even be provided by them.
Decompensation –
Decompensation is a temporary return to a lower level of psychological
adaptation or functioning, often occurring when an individual is under
considerable stress or has discontinued psychiatric medication against
medical advice.
De-escalate –
To reduce the level or intensity of a difficult or dangerous situation.
Domestic Violence (DV) –
Domestic violence and emotional abuse are behaviors used by one person
in a relationship to control the other. Partners may be married or not
married; heterosexual, gay, or lesbian; living together, separated or
dating.
Drop-in Center –
Drop-in center is a peer-run program model of peer services that are
housed at a central location and focus on social skills development and
support within an informal setting.
Drug Court –
A specialized court also known as problem-solving courts aimed at
increased accountability and better outcomes for offenders, decreased
offender recidivism, lessened financial burden to communities, and
improved community access to the justice system due to some of the
drug-related cases being moved to the specialized court.
DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth
Edition) –
An official manual of mental health problems developed by the American
Psychiatric Association. Psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers,
and other health and mental health care providers use this reference
book to understand and diagnose mental health problems. Insurance
companies and health care providers also use the terms and explanations
in this book when discussing mental health problems.
Dual Diagnosis –
Two different diagnoses given to the same person, such as substance
abuse and mental illness. Also referred to as co-occurring disorder.
DV Shelters –
Safe shelters designed to assist victims of domestic violence leave
abusive relationships and work toward a better life for themselves.
Emergency Community Support –
A service of Region III Behavioral Health Administration in Nebraska.
The Emergency Community Support Program is responsible for providing
voluntary and short term follow up services, coordination, and
continuity of care to individuals who have been admitted to an Emergency
Protective Custody (EPC) or Civil Protective Custody (CPC) service
contracted through Region 3 Behavioral Health Services.
Emergency Protective Custody (EPC) –
In Nebraska, law enforcement has the authority to place an individual in
emergency protective custody if they are deemed to be a danger to
themselves or others.
Evidence Based Practice –
Evidence-based practices are interventions for which there is consistent
scientific evidence showing that they improve client outcomes.
Family-Centered Services –
Help designed to meet the specific needs of each individual child and
family. Children and families should not be expected to fit into
services that do not meet their needs.
Functional Family Therapy (FFT) –
Functional Family Therapy (FFT) is a family-based prevention and
intervention program that is designed to treat high-risk youth and their
families.
Habitual –
Having the nature or habit of doing.
Homelessness –
The federal definition of homelessness is an individual who lacks a
fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence or an individual who
has a primary nighttime residence that is a supervised publicly or
privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living
accommodations (including welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and
transitional housing for the mentally ill); an institution that provides
a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized;
or a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a
regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.
Independent Living Services –
Support for a young person living on his or her own. These services
include therapeutic group homes, supervised apartment living, and job
placement. Services teach youth how to handle financial, medical,
housing, transportation, and other daily living needs, as well as how to
get along with others.
Inpatient Hospitalization –
Mental health treatment provided in a hospital setting 24 hours a day.
Inpatient hospitalization provides: short-term treatment in cases where
an individual is in crisis and possibly a danger to his/herself or
others, and diagnosis and treatment when the patient cannot be evaluated
or treated appropriately in an outpatient setting.
Integrated Care Coordination Unit –
A collaborative effort, the ICCU provides family advocacy, protection
and safety, and case management in a team-based approach for out-of-home
state ward children and their families.
Involuntary –
The most common type of involuntary mental health treatment is
court-ordered commitment to an inpatient mental health facility.
However, involuntary treatment also includes involuntary medication or
other treatments including electro-convulsive therapy, whether
court-ordered or imposed by mental health professionals, treatment
imposed upon persons with mental illnesses in prisons and jails or as a
condition of probation, supervision or parole, outpatient commitment,
and the use of guardianship or conservatorship laws.
Jail Diversion –
The goal of jail diversion programs is to divert persons with a serious
mental illness or co-occurring substance abuse disorder, who are
incarcerated for nonviolent, misdemeanor crimes or who have had multiple
law enforcement contacts in the community. A combination of pre- and
post-booking diversion points are used to discourage system perception
that incarceration is required before needed treatment can be accessed.
LADC –
Licensed Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselor
LMHP –
Licensed Mental Health Practitioner
MHA-NE –
The Mental Health Association of Nebraska; The Mental Health Association
of Nebraska (MHA-NE) is a consumer-run, voluntary not-for-profit
statewide association with Chapters located in communities throughout
Nebraska. MHA-NE brings together service recipients, families,
professionals, advocates and concerned citizens to address all aspects
of mental health and mental illness.
Motivational Interviewing –
Motivational interviewing is a directive, client-centered counseling
style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients to explore and
resolve ambivalence. Compared with nondirective counselling, it is more
focused and goal-directed. The examination and resolution of ambivalence
is its central purpose, and the counselor is intentionally directive in
pursuing this goal.
Multisystemic Therapy –
Multisystemic therapy (MST) is an intensive family-based treatment that
addresses the known determinants of serious antisocial behavior in
adolescents and their families.
Nebraska Association of Behavioral Health Organizations (NABHO) –
The Nebraska Association of Behavioral Health Organizations exists to
actively promote sound, responsive, efficient, and effective substance
abuse and mental health services for the people of Nebraska.
Nebraska Advocacy Services (NAS) –
Nebraska Advocacy Services, Inc. (NAS), The Center for Disability
Rights, Law and Advocacy, is a private, non-profit organization
designated by the Governor to protect and advocate for the rights of
Nebraskans with significant physical or mental disabilities.
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) –
NAMI Nebraska is a nonprofit, grassroots organization dedicated to
education, support and advocacy for anyone whose life has been touched
by mental illness.
Nebraska Family Support Network (NFSN) –
The Nebraska Family Support Network is a family organization, created by
families, staffed by families, and working for families. The mission of
NFSN is to empower families affected by mental, emotional, or behavioral
health issues through peer mentoring, education, and advocacy to build
better futures. NFSN serves the Region 6 community in Nebraska.
Outpatient Treatment –
Outpatient treatment is any treatment that takes place on an outpatient
(as opposed to inpatient or residential) basis.
Parity –
Parity laws are federal and state laws that remove limits imposed by
insurance providers on access to mental health care that are more
restrictive than limits imposed on access to physical health care.
Legislation requiring insurers to cover access to mental and physical
health care under equivalent terms and conditions is referred to as
parity legislation.
Partial Care –
Partial hospitalization is a specialized and intensive form of treatment
that is less restrictive than inpatient care but is more intensive than
the usual types of outpatient care (i.e., individual, family, or group
treatment). The most frequently used type of partial hospitalization is
an integrated curriculum combining education, counseling, and family
interventions.
Peer Support Services –
Peer Support Services are consumer centered services with a
rehabilitation and recovery focus designed to promote skills for coping
with and managing psychiatric symptoms while facilitating the
utilization of natural resources and the enhancement of community living
skills.
Presidents New Freedom Commission –
President George W. Bush established the President’s New Freedom
Commission on Mental Health in April 2002 as part of his commitment to
eliminate inequality for Americans with disabilities. The President
directed the Commission to identify policies that could be implemented
by Federal, State and local governments to maximize the utility of
existing resources, improve coordination of treatments and services, and
promote successful community integration for adults with a serious
mental illness and children with a serious emotional disturbance.
Professional Partner –
The Professional Partner program is aimed at improving the lives of
Nebraska’s children with serious emotional/behavioral problems and their
families by preventing expensive out-of-home placements, reducing
juvenile crime, increasing school performance and attendance, and
preventing children from becoming state wards just to access services.
The mission of the program is to use the wrap-around approach to
coordinate services and supports for the families of children with
serious emotional/behavioral problems, and to ensure they have a voice
in, ownership of, and access to their own comprehensive, individualized
support plan.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) –
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, is an anxiety disorder that can
develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave
physical harm occurred or was threatened. Traumatic events that may
trigger PTSD include violent personal assaults, natural or human-caused
disasters, accidents, or military combat.
Recidivism –
The return of a released ex-inmate to custody in a correctional
facility. Typically
results from either an arrest for a new crime or from a technical
violation such as failure to meet conditions of release
(probation/parole).
Recovery –
Recovery is referred to as the return to an improved state after a
setback or loss. Some consumer/survivors aspire to recovery; others
believe that they can embrace the change they have gone through and
aspire to a state of well-being.
Reentry plan –
A reentry plan is designed to include the level of supervision,
community service hours, job search, counseling, training, daily
schedules, and any court-ordered conditions required for an individual
upon their release from a correctional facility.
Residential Treatment Centers –
Facilities that provide treatment 24 hours a day and can usually serve
more than 12 young people at a time. Treatment may include individual,
group, and family therapy; behavior therapy; special education;
recreation therapy; and medical services. Residential treatment is
usually more long-term than inpatient hospitalization.
Respite Care –
A service that provides a break for parents who have a child with a
serious emotional disturbance. Trained parents or counselors take care
of the child for a brief period of time to give families relief from the
strain of caring for the child. This type of care can be provided in the
home or in another location.
SIG – Nebraska’s Children’s Mental Health and Substance Abuse State
Infrastructure Grant –
In October of 2004 Nebraska HHSS received funding to develop a state
wide Children’s Mental Health and Substance Abuse delivery system. This
is a 5-year grant from the Substance Abuse Mental Health Service
Administration providing $750,000 of funding per year.
Sub-acute Care –
Subacute care is comprehensive inpatient care designed for someone who
has an acute illness or injury. It is goal oriented treatment rendered
immediately after, or instead of, acute hospitalization to treat one or
more specific medical conditions or to administer one or more
technically complex treatments, in the context of a person's underlying
long-term conditions and overall situation.
Supportive Employment –
Supported Employment is a well-defined approach to helping people with
mental illnesses find and keep competitive employment within their
communities. Supported employment programs are staffed by employment
specialists who have frequent meetings with treatment providers to
integrate supported employment with mental health services.
Supportive Housing –
Assistance in the Supportive Housing Program is provided to help
homeless persons meet three overall goals. These are to achieve
residential stability, increase their skill levels and/or incomes, and
obtain greater self-determination (i.e., more influence over decisions
that affect their lives).
Transitional Age –
The age in which individuals transition from the youth mental health
system of care to the adult mental health system of care. In Nebraska
this typically refers to individuals who are 18 to 21 years of age.
Trauma Informed Nebraska (TIN) –
The mission statement of Trauma Informed Nebraska is to oversee the
development and implementation of a statewide, consumer-driven,
recovery-oriented trauma-informed project.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) –
Traumatic brain injury, often referred to as TBI, is most often an acute
event similar to other injuries. Unlike other injuries, no two brain
injuries are alike and the consequence of two similar injuries may be
very different. Symptoms may appear right away or may not be present for
days or weeks after the injury.
Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP) –
Wellness Recovery Action Plans or WRAP plans are self-designed plans
individuals create for themselves. The goal of WRAP is to help
individuals stay well, feel better when they are not feeling well,
increase personal responsibility and control over their own life, and
make their life the way they want it to be.
Work Ethic Camps –
The Work Ethic Camp program is designed for first-time non-violent male
and female offenders who would otherwise be prison bound. The program is
based on a 120-day stay, but offenders may be kept up to 180 days. The
philosophy of the Work Ethic Camp is that behavior and attitude that
reflect positive work ethics can be learned and transferred to all areas
of an individual's life.
Youth Residential Treatment Center (YRTC) –
Youth Residential Treatment Centers are located in Kearney (male only)
and Geneva (female only), Nebraska. The YRTC serves juveniles who are
court-ordered to reside there.
12 step program –
A program designed to assist in the recovery from addiction or
compulsive behavior, especially a spiritually-oriented program based on
the principles of acknowledging one's personal insufficiency and
accepting help from a higher power.
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